Pinealon
Pinealon is a synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg) bioregulator from the Khavinson "short peptide" tradition, studied almost exclusively in rodent and cell-culture models for neuroprotective and gene-regulatory effects, with no published human clinical trials.
This page is a research-orientation summary, not a dosing guide. For anything beyond general background, read the primary literature or talk to a qualified clinician — specifics like amount, frequency, or administration aren't something we publish here.
What it does & how it works
Pinealon is proposed to enter cells and translocate to the nucleus, where it is hypothesized to interact with chromatin/DNA regions and modulate transcription of genes involved in neuronal antioxidant defense, protein synthesis, and cell survival, consistent with the broader Khavinson "peptide bioregulator" model of short peptides acting as gene-expression modulators. In cell-culture work it has been reported to reduce free-radical levels and support proliferative signaling in neuronal-lineage cells. A related line of work under the name "EDR peptide" has examined its effects on expression of genes implicated in Alzheimer's disease pathology.
Typical results seen in research
Evidence is limited to preclinical studies: cell-culture assays showing reduced oxidative stress markers and increased viability, and a rodent study in which Pinealon reduced markers of injury in offspring exposed to prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia. No randomized controlled trials or other human efficacy data for cognitive or neuroprotective outcomes have been published, so claims of cognitive benefit in humans remain unverified extrapolation from these preclinical findings.
How it’s commonly used
In research and commercial peptide-vendor contexts, Pinealon is most commonly administered by subcutaneous injection or as an intranasal preparation; it has no approved pharmaceutical formulation, prescribing indication, or established route of administration in human medicine.
- Rejuvenation Research · 2011 Pinealon increases cell viability by suppression of free radical levels and activating proliferative processes
- International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine · 2012 Pinealon protects the rat offspring from prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia
- Molecules · 2020 EDR Peptide: Possible Mechanism of Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis Regulation Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease
Curated from published literature for research orientation. Not an exhaustive review, and not a substitute for reading primary sources.